Punctuation: marks used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and: hyphen, brackets, braces, apostrophe, . Parts of speech: a category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions: adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection. Vocabulary: body of words used in a particular language and used or understood by a group of people: language used by particular group of people . Grammar: the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general: . Word Formation: creation of a new word by either adding on morphemes or changing the way the word is used in context: . Sentence Patterns: patterns within a sentence made up of phrases and clauses determined by the presence and functions of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Patterns are most classified by the type of verb used: