Doing whatever it takes to to gain an advantage, even if it means nuclear war, and win is referred to as: brinkmanship. Which nations emerged as the world's superpowers after World War II and into the period of the Cold War? : . Nations that fell under the influence of the Soviet Union and established communist regimes were referred to as : satellite nations. Who wrote The Communist Manifesto, the book that outlined the idea behind overthrowing capitalism and implementing the communist system? : Friedrich Engels. The organization that was formed to combat communism and protect member nations from a communist attack was the: NATO. As a reform to society, China instituted the ________ as a way of removing previous capitalist influences and implementing communist policies throughout the country. : Cultural Revolution. The nation created after World War II as a homeland for displaced Jews was: Israel. The organization that the Soviet Union created in response to the defense alliance created by the United States consisting of communist allies to the USSR was : the Warsaw Pact. What made the Cold War cold? : the US and Soviet Union fought in wars over influence, but never directly fought each other